When we examine the surface of the toroidal erythrocyte, we see in order for the erythrocyte to function optimally, there needs to be a separation of the negative surface membrane charge from the positively charged Stern layer (cation layer). Some scientists have believed iron only exists in the body as a weak paramagnetic ion, but this concept should be re-evaluated if this magnetization is switchable or time reversal symmetry may be occurring in the body due to a ferromagnetic influence.įerroelectric influences are known to exhibit a spontaneous electrical polarization that is switchable in an applied (magnetic) field. The presence of the ferromagnetic metal, iron, in the red blood cell speaks to a ferromagnetic influence that is present to reverse the time of decay of the magnetic field (time-reversal) of the erythrocyte. Ferromagnetism is also considered a form of permanent magnetism (like that of magnets) where the time of decay of the magnetic field and its influence are reversed (time reversal). Ferromagnetism occurs when a spontaneous magnetism is changed or switched by another applied field, ferroelectricity when a spontaneous electric polarization is switchable by an applied electromagnetic field, and ferroelasticity when a deformation that is switchable by applied stress occurs with all in the same phase. The interaction of electric and magnetic orders in metal-organic configurations is known to exhibit more than one primary ferroic properties (multiferroic), that include ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and ferroelasticity.
A discussion of the proposed hypothesis of the process of how this unique cell may store energy through electric and magnetic (multiferroic) influences in the presence of a dielectric medium (chloride anion) in order to drive its zeta potential will now be presented. A capacitor stores potential energy in an electric field with one or more pairs of conductors that are separated by an insulator or dielectric medium. The red blood cell can be considered a type of capacitor in the organism due to the fact that the surface area on a capacitor is very important with regard to its function and efficiency. Therefore, the surface charge dynamics of the erythrocyte may be critical to its functionality. The plasma and internal membranes of other cell types are known to operate with a differential across the membranes, while the erythrocyte operates with the differential on the surface of this torus. The lack of internal membranes and a nucleus in this cell shows it potentially operates very differently from most other eukaryotic cells. Upon examination of the red blood cell physiology, it is clear that both biochemical and electromagnetic influences may need to be defined and understood. Multiferroic influences on the erythrocyte’s zeta potential It is important to explore and define the mechanisms that drive this unique cell to address wellness and chronic disease management. Within this unique cell’s Golden Ratio resides a DEP electromagnetic field flow fractionation (EMFFF) process that carries out the efficient recycling of carbonic acid (H 2CO 3 −) into a proton (H +) that participates in the regulation of hemoglobin and bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) involved in the acid/base balance of the organism. The zeta potential/DEP EMF is driven by both the ferroelectric influences (chloride anion) and the ferromagnetic influences (iron cation) in order to maintain both the Golden Ratio, which is a function of phi (φ), and/or their signature biconcave discoid shape. We hypothesize that the erythrocyte is a small toroidal dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field (DEP EMF)-driven cell that maintains its zeta potential via a dielectric constant (chloride anion) between the negatively charged plasma membrane surface and the positively charged Stern (cation) layer. The mechanisms that drive and maintain this most abundant cell in the body and its unique shape (geometry) have been poorly defined and understood to date. Erythrocytes have a distinct biconcave discoid shape that is necessary for their efficient delivery of oxygen as well as the recycling of carbon dioxide.
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